Showing posts with label Plagiarism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Plagiarism. Show all posts

Monday, October 22, 2012

AND DON’T COPY THIS, EITHER!


In my last post I gaily embraced the creativity of cutting and pasting summer scraps into journals to spur original writing at the start of a school year, and now, two months into the fall semester, I’m on a tirade against cut-and-paste. Must be the influence of another political season: I’ve become a flip-flopper.

I now teach in a college, so tend to feel that the issues facing the students in my current classrooms are far different than those that faced the young writers of classrooms past. Jacqueline Jules’ October post, though, contained several bits of advice that I have to admit I took right to my 18-plus-year-old students. I have a problem with plagiarism in my freshman composition classrooms. And the more I talk to colleagues, the more I see that it is of epidemic proportions. Jacqueline is right to be embracing it in the way she is, and it gives me hope that the conversation will continue to be had in these places where it so needs to be—in elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and around the kitchen table at home. So, in hopes of inspiring just that, I’d like to add a few things to Jacqueline’s list of ideas to encourage the avoidance of copying the words of others:

·        Celebrate Voice! If young writers learn that personal expression is all about the uniqueness of the words they use—not only when writing poetry or other “creative” pieces, but when putting together reports or even text messages—perhaps they will take more ownership over their writing, and offer more respect to the people behind the words they read on the screen of a computer or in a book. Spending some time reading aloud and positively responding to the various ways students express similar ideas might be a step to instilling pride in personal voices.

·        Minimize Distractions! Not only does the zap-zap-zapping of computer games have a deleterious effect on brain development, as studies are now showing, the constant barrage of electronic media presents some very basic problems: it steals time from our children, and breaks their concentration. My students have to write the first essays of their college careers on the topic of plagiarism, and the ones who take the “true confessions” approach will invariably say they got into a habit of plagiarizing because of a lack of time. Some students even go so far as to villanize their cellphones for interrupting them all the time. Who owns whom? I want to ask these students. Clearly, our children need some help with this.

·        Catch Them! Sounds harsh, but I have to say that the freshmen who hit the wall on this—who sit in my office crying because they’re afraid of the possible repercussions—are the ones who embrace a new way of learning, change the way they study, and become exemplars of our honor code. They tell me, invariably, that no one taught them that it was wrong to turn in writing assignments made up of disparate sentences and paragraphs cut from Internet sources and patched into strange narrative quilts. In fact, most say they were rewarded with good grades in high school. When we see odd shifts in voice in our students’ writing, we should actively try to find the explanation. Drop phrases into Google, and you’ll see that Wikipedia and About.com will pop up quite a bit. Put an “F” on that paper, and meet with the student. Because once he or she arrives on a college campus, that’s an offense that can result in expulsion. Catching this habit early on, and dealing with it bluntly enough to instill a bit of fear, is a good tact. Why do I think so? Because that’s exactly what my students say would have helped them.


Monday, October 8, 2012

DON'T COPY IT!

 Most elementary school students enjoy research. It is wonderful to see a classroom or library buzzing with students poring over nonfiction books and searching online resources.  However, reading their reports can be disappointing. Too often, every other line sounds lifted directly from the informational texts they used. Most elementary school students understand that plagiarism is stealing someone else’s words. They don’t copy intentionally or maliciously.  But they don’t understand how to take a concise, well-worded piece of information and put it into their own words. It’s a challenging task, even for an adult. You can model this process by displaying bits of text from an encyclopedia or other nonfiction source and discussing ways to share this information in one’s own words. Below are a few examples I shared with fourth graders in the midst of doing reports on countries. 
·        Define words you do not know.  For example, when I looked up Switzerland, I found references to its “alpine region.” Many of my fourth graders weren’t really sure what “alpine” meant. Looking up the word, we were able to define it as “a mountainous part of Switzerland.” 
·        Make one sentence into two. “The Alpine region has approximately 10,000 avalanches a year,” can become Switzerland has a mountainous region called the Alps. This area has around 10,000 avalanches a year.
·        Use simpler words or synonyms. Can you use the word, “poor” in place of poverty? Can you say “people” for “population?” Using easier words in place of longer ones shows a comprehension of information.
·        Shorten the sentence. Instead of “Almost fifty percent of the population of Switzerland enjoys skiing regularly” say “Many people in Switzerland like to ski.”
·        Compare information to prior knowledge. If you look up Swiss history, you are likely to see that women did not get the vote until 1971. Comparing the year women in the United States got suffrage shows a 50-year difference. Thus, a simple fact from a text such as “Swiss women did not obtain suffrage until 1971” can become a thoughtful response on the order of …
Women in Switzerland got the right to vote fifty years later than American women. They only got the vote in 1971. If my grandmother lived in Switzerland, she would not have been allowed to vote.”
·        Avoid key phrases from the text.  Switzerland is world famous for its luxury watches” could become “Swiss watches are famous all over the world.” Avoiding “world famous” and “luxury watches” forces the writer to present the information in his or her own words.
·        Begin with the ending. Instead of copying "Geneva is home to many major world organization headquarters, including the World Health Organization” say “The World Health Organization has its headquarters in the Swiss city of Geneva.”

www.jacquelinejules.com

Monday, June 6, 2011

ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM

by Jacqueline Jules

As part of a unit on following instructions, I read the picture book How To Lose All Your Friends by Nancy Carlson to a fourth grade class. Inspired by this amusing list of social mistakes, the students eagerly picked up pencils to begin their own how-to lists. The results we shared 25 minutes later were creative, funny, and highly original. Some of the students made a text-to-text connection to the middle grade novel, 101 Ways to Bug Your Teacher by Lee Wardlaw. Others wrote lists for annoying brothers or sisters. The two teachers in the room made up lists to annoy their students. Everyone had a great time.

Writing models also known as mentor texts are widely used in writing workshop. All writers benefit from studying and emulating the work of a favorite author. However, sometimes it muddies the waters between copying and doing your work. What do you say to a second grader who proudly shares a story entitled “Puppyzilla” with entire sentences lifted directly from Dav Pilkey’s Dogzilla?

It’s a delicate situation considering the young writer was encouraged to use Dogzilla as inspiration for her story. While students understand, even at a young age, that they shouldn’t copy answers on a test, the distinction between writing one’s own version of a story idea and plagiarism can be hard for young writers to grasp.

I tackle this problem by taking the student aside to compare the student’s work with the writing model. We identify sentences that were copied and acknowledge a mutual love of the story.

“You’re right! That is the best part of Dogzilla. But those words belong to Dav Pilkey, not you.”

Some of my own picture books were inspired by traditional folktales. I researched different versions of these tales in order to combine elements into an original synthesis. I also compared my own language to my sources to be sure I did not plagiarize by accident. Frequently, this pushed me to search for new ways of saying something. Writing models can provide both ideas for writing and a means for strengthening writing. Teach your students to carefully ask the following questions.

How is my story different from the mentor text? How is it the same? Have I used any of the same words? Could I choose words that sound more like me?

http://www.jacquelinejules.com/